“[…] Agriculture can have potentially massive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, including deforestation, use of harmful pesticides, soil degradation and fertiliser runoff. Efforts are being made to minimise these impacts, with many companies making commitments to be more sustainable, for example through certification schemes and zero-deforestation commitments. But how can a retailer be sure that their coffee doesn’t come from farms that are cutting down trees, or using harmful pesticides? In short, this is incredibly difficult, because the journey from farm to retailer can be long and complex, often covering much of the globe, with many different parties and stages involved. So how can a consumer trust that their certified sustainable chocolate bar is actually sustainable?”